Learning Modules

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Slide 1
SPORTS SCHOOL GEORGI STOIKOV RAKOVSKI, dobrich, Bulgaria

Slide 2
Bulgaria's most renowned sports people

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S T E F K A
K O S T A D I N O V A

Slide 4
name: STEFKA GEORGIEVA KOSTADINOVA
date and place of birth: 25 March, 1965, town of Plovdiv
Occupation:
high jumper

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Olympic Champion of Atlanta Summer Olympics Games, 1996

Silver medal of Seoul Summer Olympics Games, 1988
SPORTS ACHIEVEMENTS:

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Two outdoors world titles
Five indoors world titles
Four outdoors European titles
Four indoors European titles

Slide 7
On 30, August, 1987, at World Championship in Rome, Italy, she set a world record, leaving the bar safe at the height at 209 cm!
Since then on
no one has ever beaten it!

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Five times acclaimed as the Balkans’ best sportsperson
Eight times voted into Bulgaria’s three best sportspeople rank
Admitted to World Athletics’ Hall of Fame in 2012

Slide 9
Chairwoman of Bulgaria’s Olympics Committee

Slide 10
H R I S T O
S T O I C H K O V

Slide 11
name: HRISTO STOICHKOV STOICHKOV (The Dagger)
date and place of birth: 8 February, 1966, town of Plovdiv
Bulgaria’s most successful football player ever
Bulgaria’s honored consul to Spain
football coach
Occupation:

Slide 12
His path to greatness started with the football club of CSKA – Sofia in 1985.
Two years later, in 1987 he made a debut for Bulgarian National Football team.

Slide 13
Next, being part of the team of CSKA, he reached the semi-final of UEFA Cup Winners’ Cup in 1989 only to lose to Barcelona.
As a result, he was invited to play for Barcelona and with it he achieved most.

Slide 14
UEFA European Champions’ Cup with Barcelona in 1992
World Ballon d’Or award for the best football player of the year in 1994
Second place at the same rank in 1992
SPORTS ACHIEVEMENTS:

Slide 15
European Golden Boot for the best goalscorer in Bulgaria’s championship with the team of CSKA (38 goals) in 1990
FIFA World Cup’s best goalscorer in USA, 1994
(6 goals)

Slide 16
Three times Bulgarian Championship in 1987, 1989, 1990
Four times Bulgarian Cup in 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989
One Bulgarian Super Cup in 1989
Twice Bulgaria’s best goalscorer in 1989 (23 goals), 1990 (38 goals)
Once UEFA Cup Winners’ Cup best goalscorer in 1989 (7 goals)
With the team of CSKA:

Slide 17
Five times Spanish Championship in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1998
Once UEFA European Champions’ Cup in 1992
Once UEFA Super Cup in 1992
Four times Spanish Super Cup in 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996
Once King’s Cup in 1997
Once UEFA Cup Winners’ Cup in 1997
With the team of Barcelona:

Slide 18
Thank You for Your Attention

Slide 1
The History of Sport in Bulgaria and Dobrich Region
From traditional games to modern champions, explore the rich sporting heritage of Bulgaria and the Dobrich region

Slide 2
Ancient Roots: Traditional Games and Early Physical Culture
Bulgaria's sporting traditions are deeply intertwined with its history, dating back centuries. Before organized sports, physical prowess was honed through folk games and activities essential for daily life and defense.
Wrestling
Wrestling (борба): A timeless tradition, often featured in village festivals, showcasing strength and skill.
Horsemanship (кушии): Thrilling horse races held during holidays, demonstrating equestrian mastery.
Military training in medieval Bulgaria also emphasized physical conditioning, laying foundations for future athletic pursuits.

Slide 3
A New Era: The Birth of Organized Sport (19th-20th Century)
1
1894
First gymnastic societies established in Sofia and other major towns, marking the beginning of organized sports.
2
1895
Dragan Tsankov organizes the first recorded football games in Sofia, sparking nationwide interest in the sport.
3
1923
The Bulgarian National Sports Federation is officially established, providing a unified structure for sports governance.
4
1924
Bulgaria joins the International Olympic Committee, opening doors for international competition and recognition.

Slide 4
Key Achievements and Athletes
Dan Kolov – wrestling legend
Hristo Stoichkov – Bulgaria's most famous athlete
of all time, won the prestigious Ballon d’Or 1994 and led Bulgaria
to a historic 4th-place finish at the FIFA World Cup.
Golden Girls – rhythmic gymnastics
winning multiple World Championship titles and Olympic medals
Stefka Kostadinova – Olympic champion
high jumper Stefka Kostadinova set the world record of 2.09m in 1987

Slide 5
Sport in Dobrich Region
1919 – Football club Dobrudzha, Dobrich
The club has developed generations of local talent and
remains a symbol of regional sporting pride.
Volleyball club Dobrudzha, Dobrich
The club is the champion of Bulgaria for the 2015/16
season and is known for its strong children's and youth
school and loyal audience.
Handball club Dobrudzha, Dobrich
The men's team is a multiple medalist in the national
Championship – 2 trophies, 9 times 2nd and a regular
participant in European club tournaments (16 times.)
Wrestling / Weightlifting / Boxing / Athletics / Chess / Martial Arts /
– multiple champions of Bulgaria

Slide 1
Ali Mert Kolcu 11/A
Gençlerbirliği Sports High School
? Pistol shooting sport;
?Pistol shooting is an Olympic sport in which athletes shoot at stationary targets from specific distances, requiring high concentration, balance, and technique. Mental endurance, breath control, and stability are more important than physical strength.
? History;
? The origins of shooting sports date back to the 15th century. It became a sport in its modern
sense in the 19th century. It has been an Olympic sport since the 1896 Athens Olympics. Over time, safety, standards, and electronic target systems have improved.

Slide 2
? Shooting in Turkey;
? Shooting in Turkey is managed by the Turkish Shooting and Hunting Federation.
? It has shown significant development in recent years.
? Yusuf Dikeç is one of the most well-known athletes in Turkish shooting.
? At the Paris 2024 Olympics, Yusuf Dikeç and Şevval İlayda Tarhan won a silver medal in the 10-meter air pistol mixed team category, bringing Turkey its first Olympic medal in this discipline.
? This success greatly increased interest in shooting sports in Turkey.

Slide 3
? Conclusion;
? Pistol shooting is a respected sport that emphasizes discipline, patience, and mental strength. With its recent successes, Türkiye is taking significant steps towards becoming a major player at the international level in this field.
? Thank you.

Page 1
The History of Sport in Romania
From Traditional Games to Modern Champions
Subtitle:
Exploring Romania’s rich sporting heritage and national legends
Suggested images:
● Romanian flag
● Olympic rings
● Romanian athletes collage

Page 2
Ancient Roots: Traditional Games and Physical Culture
Romania’s sporting traditions date back centuries.
● Traditional wrestling (trânta)
● Horse riding and archery in Transylvania
● Shepherd competitions and folk strength games
● Medieval military training encouraged physical endurance

Page 3
Birth of Organized Sport (19th–20th Century)
Key moments:
● 1860–1880 – Gymnastics and fencing clubs appear
● 1899 – First football matches in Romania
● 1914 – Romanian Olympic Committee established
● 1921 – Romanian Football Federation founded

Page 4
Sport in Transylvania
Transylvania became an important sports center.
Cities with strong sporting traditions:
● Cluj-Napoca
● Sibiu
● Brașov
● Târgu Mureș
● Alba Iulia

Page 5
Ski resort in Transylvania

Page 6
Romanian Football History
Football – the most popular sport in
Romania
Important clubs:
● Steaua București
● Dinamo București
● CFR Cluj
● Universitatea Cluj
Achievements:
● Steaua București won the European Cup
in 1986
● Romania reached the quarterfinals of the
1994 FIFA World Cup

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Romania reached the quarterfinals of the 1994 FIFA World Cup

Page 8
Steaua București 1986, Campioana UEFA

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Legendary Romanian Athletes
Famous Romanian Sports Legends
● Gheorghe Hagi – football legend
● Nadia Comăneci – first perfect 10 in Olympic gymnastics
● Ilie Năstase – tennis champion
● Simona Halep – Grand Slam winner
● Cristina Neagu – handball superstar

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Nadia Comăneci, the first gymnast in the world with a
perfect 10

Page 11
Ilie Năstase

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Simona Halep, 11th trophies in 2 years in tennis

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Cristina Neagu, 4th times best handball player in the world

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Romanian Gymnastics
Romania dominated world gymnastics for decades.
Achievements:
● Olympic gold medals
● World and European titles
● Nadia Comăneci’s perfect 10 at Montreal 1976

Page 15
Winter Sports in Transylvania
The Carpathian Mountains support winter sports.
Popular activities:
● Skiing
● Snowboarding
● Biathlon
● Ice hockey
Main resorts:
● Poiana Brașov
● Păltiniș
● Straja

Page 16
Sport in Alba County and Sebeș
Local sport traditions in Sebeș and Alba region
● Football academies
● Handball teams
● Athletics competitions
● School sports programs
Liceul cu Program Sportiv „Florin Fleșeriu” Sebeș
supports young athletes in:
● football
● handball

Page 17
Baza Pielaru, Sebeș

Page 18
Olympic Achievements
Romania at the Olympic Games
Romania won medals in:
● Gymnastics
● Rowing
● Canoeing
Ivan Paztaichin
● Athletics Mihaela Cambei, silver at Olympic Games
● Handball
Famous champions: Elisabeta Lipa, the best
rower in the world
● Nadia Comăneci
● Elisabeta Lipă
● Ivan Patzaichin
● David Popovici
David Popovici, campion
mondial
2022, la 100 m stil liber

Page 19
Modern Sport in Romania
Sport today
Modern Romanian sport focuses on:
● youth academies
● international competitions
● school partnerships
● Erasmus+ sports projects
Growing interest in:
● women’s sports
● fitness
● esports
● outdoor activities

Page 20
Conclusion
Sport is part of Romanian identity.
From traditional village games to Olympic champions,
Romania and Transylvania continue to inspire future
generations through sport, discipline, and national
pride.

Slide 1
Traditional Bulgarian (folk) sports games
SPORTS SCHOOL GEORGI STOIKOV RAKOVSKI, dobrich, Bulgaria

Slide 2
FOLK BALL

Folk dodge ball is a very popular game for Bulgarian kids.
It is also taught in Physical education classes.
1. NAME OF THE GAME (in Bulgarian and in English)
Народна топка (Narodna topka) / Dodge Ball
2. ELEMENTS NEEDED FOR PLAYING AND MATERIALS
a court 9 x 18 , divided in half by a center line and 2 ‘’attack’’ or end lines.
3. NUMBER OF PLAYERS
The children divide in two teams with equal number of players. The minimum number of players to start a match is four players but they could be 6 or 10. Each team choose one child for a captain (consul). The captains stay behind the opponents end line.
4. SEX OF PLAYERS
Both sexes
5. AGE OF PLAYERS
From 6 to 15 years old
6. PLACE
The game is played outdoors- the school yard
7. SEASON OF THE YEAR
All seasons (rarely in winter)

Slide 3
DESCRIPTION OF THE GAME (RULES)
The goal of the game is to eliminate all opposing players by hitting them with the ball or passing it to a teammate. Players must avoid being hit; if hit and they fail to catch the ball, they leave the field. If the ball stays in play, the game continues. If it goes out of bounds, the opposing team gains possession. The team that eliminates all opponents wins.

Slide 4
Tug of War (Rope Pulling):
This is a traditional Bulgarian village game commonly played during festivals, team-building, or community events, involving two teams pulling on opposite ends of a rope to test strength and teamwork.

Slide 5
1. NAME OF THE GAME (in Bulgarian and in English)
Игра на ластик (Igra na lastik) / Elastic Cord
2. ELEMENTS NEEDED FOR PLAYING AND MATERIALS
For the game we need only over 3 m of elastic cord, the two ends of which join and make a loop
3. NUMBER OF PLAYERS
Minimum three players
4. SEX OF PLAYERS Usually girls
5. AGE OF PLAYERS From 6 to 11 years old
6. PLACE The game is played outdoors, enough space and flat surface needed
7. SEASON OF THE YEAR All seasons
ELASTIC CORD

Slide 6
8. DESCRIPTION OF THE GAME (RULES)
Two girls standing opposite each other holding the elastic cord by legs at different levels (starting from the ankles to the knees). Another girl jumps over the cord making different figures with it at different levels. When she makes a mistake the game is over and it is the next girl’s turn. The winner is the one who reaches the highest level of jumping.

Slide 7
MARBLES
1. NAME OF THE GAME (in Bulgarian and in English)
Игра на топчета (limki) / Marbles
2. ELEMENTS NEEDED FOR PLAYING AND MATERIALS
Marbles
3. NUMBER OF PLAYERS Not fixed
4. SEX OF PLAYERS Usually boys
5. AGE OF PLAYERS 6-14 years of age
6. PLACE Outdoors
7. SEASON OF THE YEAR Spring, summer, autumn

Slide 8
DESCRIPTION OF THE GAME (RULES)
Marbles is a game in which a marble is propelled by the thumb at other marbles, usually in attempt to drive them out of a previously marked circle. A marble is a little ball of stone, glass, clay or steel, used in this game.
The players make a circle on the playground with a piece of chalk. Then they place 10 to 12 marbles inside the circle. The aim of the game is to get all of the marbles out of the circle. The target marble is propelled by the player's thumb at the other marbles. The first player, who must stay at a distance of about 1-2 meters away of the circle, attempts to do it. If he succeeds, he shoots again, if not, the next player will continue. The winner is the one who succeeds to gather the most marbles

Slide 9
Traditional wrestling games
It is a tradition in Bulgaria for young man to wrestle and try to win an alive lamb. In Bulgarian this tradition is called "Narodni Borbi“.

Slide 10
Traditional horse racing
Another folk tradition is the horse racing during the Bulgarian holiday Todorovden (the Day of St Theodore), also known as Horse Easter.
According to tradition, the fastest and best-looking horse in the race is decorated with wreaths and heads first to the village, where a lass or a newly-wed woman is expecting it.
In the house of the horse's owner a celebration starts and women bake and give ritual loaves, named "horse" or "hoof", the dough shaped like a horse or a hoof.
The celebrations of the holiday are a mixture of Orthodox religious beliefs and pagan rituals and horse races are held all over the country on the day.

Slide 11
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Page 1
Turkish Oil Wrestling
THE ANCESTRAL SPORT OF KINGS
A School Presentation on Cultural Heritage

Page 2
WHAT IS YAĞLI GÜREŞ?
The National Sport The Olive Oil The Pehlivan
Oil wrestling is the national Wrestlers douse themselves in Wrestlers are called
sport of Turkey, deeply rooted olive oil before matches, "Pehlivan," a Persian word
in the history of the Ottoman making it nearly impossible to meaning "Hero." They must
Empire and Central Asian grip their slippery bodies. possess both strength and a
traditions. moral character.

Page 3
The Legend of 40 Warriors
Born in 1362 on the fields of Kırkpınar

Page 4
KIRKPINAR FESTIVAL
The Kırkpınar Oil Wrestling Festival is recognized by
UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage. Held
annually in Edirne, it is the oldest continuously
running sporting competition in the world.
Over 660 years of history!

Page 5
THE GEAR: KISPET
Craftsmanship & Strength
Wrestlers wear special trousers called **Kispet**.
Traditionally made from water buffalo hide, they weigh
about 13 kilograms when dry and even more when
oiled.
The "paça" (hem) is tied tightly to prevent opponents
from grabbing inside, but the "kispet" itself is the only
place a wrestler can get a solid grip.

Page 6
THE OILING RITUAL
Brotherhood and Balance
Before the match, pehlivans help oil each other. This is
a ritual of mutual respect and balance.
The oil makes the match a test of endurance and
technique rather than just raw strength. To win, a
pehlivan must use his intelligence and leverage to
overcome the slipperiness.

Page 7
THE LIVING LEGEND: AHMET TAŞÇI
9-Time Master Champion
Ahmet Taşçı is the most successful wrestler of
the modern era. He achieved the legendary
"Başpehlivan" title 9 times between 1990 and
2000.
The Golden Belt
He is one of the few wrestlers to win the
permanent ownership of the Golden Belt by
winning three consecutive years—twice!

Page 8
THE NEW ERA OF PEHLIVANS
Today's Superstars
Modern champions like **Ali Gürbüz**, İsmail Balaban,
and Orhan Okulu carry the torch today. These athletes
are national icons in Turkey.
They combine traditional training with modern sports
science to maintain the prestige of the "Er Meydanı"
(Field of Heroes).

Page 9
THE VOICE: THE CAZGIR
Prayer and Poetry
No match begins without the **Cazgır**. He is the
master of ceremonies who introduces the wrestlers
with poetic verses and prayers (Manis).
He reminds the pehlivans and the audience of spiritual
values, humility, and the legends of the past, creating a
sacred atmosphere for the struggle.

Page 10
RULES OF THE MATCH
Victory: A wrestler wins if he makes his opponent's back touch the ground. This is called
"showing the belly to the stars."
Respect: If a younger wrestler beats an older one, he kisses the elder's hand out of respect.
Duration: In the past, matches had no time limit. Today, master matches are 40 minutes
plus overtime.
The Paça Kazık: A key move where a wrestler reaches into the opponent's kispet to control
and flip them.

Page 11
THE ULTIMATE PRIZE
The Golden Belt (Altın Kemer)
The champion of Kırkpınar receives the Golden Belt for
one year. To own it **permanently**, a wrestler must
win the championship for **three consecutive years**.
It is the most prestigious individual award in Turkish
sports, representing the pinnacle of honor and physical
mastery.

Page 12
Any Questions?
Thank you for listening to the story of the Pehlivans!

Page 13
IMAGE SOURCES
https://the.pomortzeff.com/photos/story/2009/kirkpinar/krk_wrestlers_263.jpg
Source: pomortzeff.com
https://tolerance-homes.com/storage/images/pages/1Ek85Ui0mgtGVcpwFdgJqNNSetNnWlB2cga3CYpj.jpg
Source: tolerance-homes.com
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Yagli_gures3.JPG
Source: en.wikipedia.org
https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a39399d0-7a12-47e9-b56f-e6d2f1a7aafd/GettyImages-2181540707.jpg
Source: www.nationalgeographic.com
https://www.oliveoiltimes.com/media/2025/07/nj5-1.jpg
Source: www.oliveoiltimes.com
https://businessturkeytoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/KIRKPINAR.jpg
Source: businessturkeytoday.com

Page 14
IMAGE SOURCES
https://cw-enerji.com/images/news/134_orhan-okulu-altin-kemerin-ebedi-sahibi-oldu_0.jpg
Source: cw-enerji.com
https://i.natgeofe.com/n/a39399d0-7a12-47e9-b56f-e6d2f1a7aafd/GettyImages-2181540707_16x9.jpg?w=1200
Source: www.nationalgeographic.com

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Page 1
TURKISH HERITAGE & MODERN SUCCESS
Turkish Archery:
The Art of the Bow
From Central Asian steppes to the Olympic podium, exploring the spiritual and technical
journey of the Kemankeş tradition.

Page 2
CHAPTER I
Historical Foundations
Tracing the roots of Turkish archery from early tribal warfare to the organized lodges of the Ottoman Empire.

Page 3
The Era of the Kemankeş
Ottoman Military Mastery
Archery was the backbone of Ottoman military prowess. Elite
archers, known as Kemankeş, were respected as both warriors
and athletes.
• Ok Meydani: Specialized archery fields established by
Sultan Mehmed II.
• Spiritual Discipline: Mastery required both physical
strength and mental focus.
• Flight Records: Ottoman archers reached distances of
over 800 meters.

Page 4
Spirituality and Technique
The Archer's Vow Precision & Ethics
Archery was considered a sacred art. Students (Tâlip) The code of the Kemankeş emphasized humility and
underwent a rigorous training process called Meşk, respect. An archer was taught that the arrow’s path
ending with a secret vow whispered by the Master. reflected the purity of the heart.

Page 5
Traditional Craftsmanship
The Turkish Composite Bow
Crafted from maple wood, water buffalo horn, and sinew,
these bows were the most advanced technology of their
time.
The Zihgir (thumb ring) allowed for a unique Turkish draw,
increasing speed and power without damaging the
archer's hand.

Page 6
UNESCO Cultural Heritage
Inscribed 2019
Living Tradition Global Impact
Recognized as an Intangible
Today, festivals across Turkey Turkey serves as a hub for
Cultural Heritage of Humanity,
keep the "Archers' Lodge" culture international traditional archery
preserving techniques and
alive for new generations. competitions and research.
craftsmanship.

Page 7
CHAPTER II
The Modern Resurgence
How a centuries-old tradition transformed into Olympic dominance in the 21st century.

Page 8
The Golden Archer: Mete Gazoz
Olympic & World Champion
Born in 1999, Mete Gazoz has become the face of Turkish
sports excellence. He is known for his signature smile and
unwavering focus.
Tokyo 2020: First ever Turkish Archery Gold.
Triple Crown: Holder of Olympic, World, and European titles
simultaneously.

Page 9
Major Medals Comparison
*Data representing Turkish National Team's surging performance in major recurve events (2016-2024).

Page 10
Unity of Two Worlds
Traditional Heritage: Ethnic Sports Festivals preserve the Modern Teamwork: The Men's Team won Bronze at the Paris
Kemankeş attire and rituals. 2024 Olympics.

Page 11
Milestones of Excellence
1453 1961 2019 2021
Archers' Lodge established in Turkish Archery Federation UNESCO Heritage First Olympic Gold (Tokyo
Istanbul. founded. Inscription. 2020).

Page 12
THANK YOU
Any Questions?
Turkish archery continues to hit the bullseye on the global stage.
Explore more at archersfoundation.org

Page 13
Image Sources
https://avid-archer.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Ottoman-Empire-featuring-a-group-of-Ottoman-archers.webp
Source: avid-archer.com
https://i.etsystatic.com/42040928/r/il/56d1eb/4784937255/il_1080xN.4784937255_mmed.jpg
Source: www.etsy.com
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Source: www.youtube.com
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Source: ich.unesco.org
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b2wJvbHwv49b7R9cKBXBdJb5PQdqG7dSFSWcsL/X5/DA6_3846-X5.jpg?h=6d83dc88&itok=BujsJv7T
Source: www.worldarchery.sport